Computational OT Papers

SIGMORPHON mantains this computational OT bibliography as a service to the community. Thanks to the Rutgers Optimality Archive for archiving many of these papers. Please send any bibliography updates to Jason Eisner; or if you have released a new computational OT paper, please announce it on the SIGMORPHON mailing list and it will be added.

Formalizations (including variants)

Albro, Daniel M. (2000)
Taking Primitive Optimality Theory beyond the finite state (no URL yet)
Eisner, Jason (2000)
Directional constraint evaluation in Optimality Theory download
Harbour, Daniel and Christian List (2000)
Optimality Theory and the problem of constraint aggregation download
Walther, Markus (2000)
Temiar reduplication in one-level prosodic morphology (no URL yet)
Heiberg, Andrea (1999)
Features in Optimality Theory: A computational model [Dissertation] download
Russell, Kevin (1999)
MOT: Sketch of an OT approach to morphology download
Trommer, Jochen (1999)
Mende tone patterns revisited: Tone mapping as local constraint evaluation download
Walther, Markus (1999)
One-level prosodic morphology download
Albro, Daniel M. (1998)
Three formal extensions to Primitive Optimality Theory download
Trommer, Jochen (1998)
Optimal morphology download
Walther, Markus (1998)
Computing declarative prosodic morphology download
Albro, Daniel M. (1997)
Evaluation, implementation, and extension of Primitive Optimality Theory download
Eisner, Jason (1997)
What constraints should OT allow? download
Ellison, T. Mark (1995)
OT, finite-state representations and procedurality (no URL)
Ellison, T. Mark (1994)
Phonological derivation in Optimality Theory download

Software Available

Boersma, Paul (2000)
Optimality-Theoretic learning in the Praat program download
Heiberg, Andrea (1999)
Features in Optimality Theory: A computational model [Dissertation] download
Albro, Daniel M. (1998)
UCLA OTP download
Karttunen, Lauri (1998)
The proper treatment of Optimality in computational phonology download
Kim, Hyouk-Keun (1998)
Generating interlanguage syllabification in Optimality Theory download
Hammond, Michael (1997)
Parsing syllables: Modeling OT computationally [Prolog program] download
Walther, Markus (1996)
OT SIMPLE - A construction-kit approach to Optimality Theory implementation download
Andrews, Avery (1994)
OT for Windows 1.1 [Prolog/C++ program] download
Hammond, Michael (1994)
Syllable parsing in English and French (perl program) download
Raymond, William and Apollo Hogan (1993)
The Optimality Interpreter, and a user's guide to the Optimality Interpreter [C program] download

Computational Complexity

Eisner, Jason (2000)
Easy and hard constraint ranking in Optimality Theory: Algorithms and complexity download
Wareham, Todd (1999)
Systematic parameterized complexity analysis in computational phonology [Dissertation] download
Eisner, Jason (1997)
Efficient generation in Primitive Optimality Theory download

Generation and Generative Power

Eisner, Jason (2000)
Directional constraint evaluation in Optimality Theory download
Gerdemann, Dale and Gertjan van Noord (2000)
Approximation and exactness in finite state Optimality Theory download
Harbour, Daniel and Christian List (2000)
Optimality Theory and the problem of constraint aggregation download
Walther, Markus (2000)
Temiar reduplication in one-level prosodic morphology (no URL yet)
Moreton, Elliott (1999)
Non-computable functions in Optimality Theory download
Walther, Markus (1999)
One-level prosodic morphology download
Frank, Robert and Giorgio Satta (1998)
Optimality Theory and the generative complexity of constraint violability download
Karttunen, Lauri (1998)
The proper treatment of Optimality in computational phonology download
Eisner, Jason (1997)
Efficient generation in primitive Optimality Theory download
Hammond, Michael (1997)
Parsing syllables: Modeling OT computationally download
Walther, Markus (1996)
OT SIMPLE - A construction-kit approach to Optimality Theory implementation download
Ellison, T. Mark (1995)
OT, finite-state representations and procedurality (no URL)
Tesar, Bruce (1995)
Computational Optimality Theory [Dissertation] download
Tesar, Bruce (1995)
Computing optimal forms in Optimality Theory: Basic syllabification download
Ellison, T. Mark (1994)
Phonological derivation in Optimality Theory download
Hammond, Michael (1994)
Syllable parsing in English and French download

Comprehension

Tesar, Bruce (1998)
Robust interpretive parsing in metrical stress theory download
Fosler, J. Eric (1996)
On reversing the generation process in Optimality Theory download

Acquisition

Eisner, Jason (2000)
Easy and hard constraint ranking in Optimality Theory: Algorithms and computational complexity download
Johnson, Mark (2000)
Context-sensitivity and stochastic ``unification-based'' grammars (no URL yet)
Tesar, Bruce and Paul Smolensky (2000)
Learnability in Optimality Theory buy
Boersma, Paul (1999)
Phonology-semantics interaction in OT, and its acquisition download
Boersma, Paul and Bruce Hayes (1999)
Empirical tests of the gradual learning algorithm download
Boersma, Paul and Clara Levelt (1999)
Gradual constraint-ranking learning algorithm predicts acquisition order download
Hayes, Bruce (1999)
Phonological acquisition in Optimality Theory: The early stages download
Joanisse, Marc and Suzanne Curtin (1999)
Dutch stress acquisition: OT and connectionist approaches download
Prince, Alan and Bruce Tesar (1999)
Learning phonotactic distributions download
Samek-Lodovici, Vieri and Alan Prince (1999)
Optima download
Tesar, Bruce (1998)
An iterative strategy for language learning download
Hale, Mark and Charles Reiss (1997)
Formal and empirical arguments concerning phonological acquisition download
Hale, Mark and Charles Reiss (1997)
Grammar optimization: The simultaneous acquisition of constraint ranking and a lexicon download
Tesar, Bruce (1997)
An iterative strategy for learning metrical stress in Optimality Theory download
Tesar, Bruce (1997)
Multi-recursive constraint demotion download
Hayes, Bruce P. (1996)
Phonetically driven phonology: The role of Optimality Theory and inductive grounding download
Tesar, Bruce B. and Paul Smolensky (1996)
Learnability in Optimality Theory download
Broihier, Kevin (1995)
Optimality Theoretic rankings with tied constraints: Slavic relatives, resumptive pronouns and learnability download
Turkel, Bill (1994)
The acquisition of Optimality Theoretic systems download
Tesar, Bruce and Paul Smolensky (1993)
The learnability of Optimality Theory: An algorithm and some basic complexity results download

A Selection of Relevant Linguistics Papers

Most of the following papers are not directly computational, but make formal proposals that are of potential interest to those doing computational OT work. Again, please send any suggested updates to Jason Eisner.

Constraints and Representations

Flemming, Edward (1999)
Scalar representations in a unified model of phonetics and phonology download
Alderete, John (1997)
Dissimilation as local conjunction download
Crowhurst, Megan and Mark Hewitt (1997)
Boolean operations and constraint interaction in Optimality Theory download
Stemberger, J. P. (1996)
The scope of the theory: Where does beyond lie? (no URL)
Padgett, Jaye (1995)
Feature classes download
McCarthy, John and Alan Prince (1993)
Generalized alignment download
Myers, Scott (1993)
OCP effects in Optimality Theory download
Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky (1993)
Optimality Theory: Constraint interaction in generative grammar (no URL)

Alternative evaluation mechanisms

Eisner, Jason (2000)
Directional constraint evaluation in Optimality Theory download
Walther, Markus (2000)
Temiar reduplication in one-level prosodic morphology (no URL yet)
McCarthy, John (1999)
Harmonic serialism and harmonic parallelism download
Trommer, Jochen (1999)
Mende tone patterns revisited: Tone mapping as local constraint evaluation download
Flemming, Edward (1997)
Phonetic optimization: Compromise in speech production download
Hammond, Michael (1997)
Parsing syllables: Modeling OT computationally download
Chen, Matthew (1995)
Directionality: Constraints on derivation? download

Constraints on constraints

Keer, Edward W. (1999)
Geminates, the OCP and the nature of CON [Dissertation] download
Eisner, Jason (1997)
What constraints should OT allow? download
Eisner, Jason (1997)
FootForm decomposed: Using primitive constraints in OT download
Smolensky, Paul (1995)
On the structure of the constraint component Con of UG download

Rethinking the role of the lexicon (if any!)

Inkelas, Sharon (1999)
Phonotactic blocking through structural immunity download
Myers, James (1999)
Lexical phonology and the lexicon download
Zuraw, Kie Ross (1999)
Regularities in the derived lexicon download
Alcantara, Jonathan B. (1998)
The architecture of the English lexicon download
Benua, Laura (1998)
Transderivational identity: Phonological relations between words [Dissertation] download
Alderete, John, Jill Beckman, Laura Benua, Amalia Gnanadesikan, John McCarthy and Suzanne Urbanczyk (1997)
Reduplication with fixed segmentism download
Burzio, Luigi (1997)
Strength in numbers download
Hale, Mark, Madelyn Kissock and Charles Reiss (1997)
Output-output correspondence in Optimality Theory download
Burzio, Luigi (1995)
Surface constraints versus underlying representations download
Golston, Chris (1995)
Direct Optimality Theory: Representation as constraint violation download
Hammond, Michael (1995)
There is no lexicon! download
Kenstowicz, Michael (1995)
Base-identity and uniform exponence: Alternatives to cyclicity download
Kenstowicz, Michael (1995)
Base-identity and uniform exponence: Alternatives to cyclicity download
Inkelas, Sharon (1994)
The consequences of optimization for underspecification download

Rethinking opacity and cyclicity

Goldrick, Matthew (1999)
Turbid output representations and the unity of opacity download
Jun, Jongho (1999)
Generalized sympathy download
McCarthy, John (1999)
Sympathy and phonological opacity download
McCarthy, John (1999)
Sympathy, cumulativity, and the Duke-of-York gambit download
Lubowicz, Anna (1998)
Derived environment effects in OT download
Burzio, Luigi (1997)
Strength in numbers download
Buckley, Eugene (1996)
Constraint domains in Kashaya ftp://babel.ling.upenn.edu/papers/faculty/gene_buckley/Cdom_in_Kash.pdf

Non-local phenomena

Yip, Moira (2000)
Reduplication as alliteration and rhyme download
Plag, Ingo (1999)
Morphological haplology in a constraint-based morpho-phonology download
de Lacy, Paul (1999)
Circumscriptive morphemes download
de Lacy, Paul (1999)
Morphological haplology and correspondence download
Alderete, John, Jill Beckman, Laura Benua, Amalia Gnanadesikan, John McCarthy and Suzanne Urbanczyk (1997)
Reduplication with fixed segmentism download
Cole, Jennifer S. and Charles W. Kisseberth (1995)
Restricting multi-level constraint evaluation: Opaque rule interaction in Yawelmani vowel harmony download
McCarthy, John and Alan Prince (1995)
Faithfulness and reduplicative identity download
Urbanczyk, Suzanne (1995)
Double reduplications in parallel download
Cole, Jennifer and Charles W. Kisseberth (1994)
An optimal domains theory of harmony download

Gradient judgments

Bakovic, Eric and Edward Keer (2000)
Optionality and ineffability download
Hayes, Bruce P. (2000)
Gradient well-formedness in Optimality Theory download
Boersma, Paul (1999)
On the need for a separate perception grammar download
Fanselow, Gisbert, Matthias Schlesewsky, Damir Cavar and Reinhold Kliegl (1999)
Optimal parsing, syntactic parsing preferences, and Optimality Theory download
Coleman, John and Janet Pierrehumbert (1997)
Stochastic phonological grammars and acceptability download
Everett, Daniel L. and Iris Berent (1997)
The comparative optimality of hebrew roots: An experimental approach to violable identity constraints download
Frisch, Stefan (1997)
Similarity and frequency in phonology [Dissertation] download
Frisch, Stefan, Michael Broe and Janet Pierrehumbert (1997)
Similarity and phonotactics in Arabic download

Variation

Fukazawa, Haruka, Mafuyu Kitahara and Mitsuhiko Ota (1998)
Lexical stratification and ranking invariance in constraint-based grammars download
Reynolds, Bill (1994)
Variation and Optimality Theory [Dissertation] (no URL)

Acquisition

Johnson, Mark (2000)
Context-sensitivity and stochastic "unification-based" grammars (no URL yet)
Boersma, Paul and Bruce Hayes (1999)
Empirical tests of the gradual learning algorithm download
Boersma, Paul and Clara Levelt (1999)
Gradual constraint-ranking learning algorithm predicts acquisition order download
Grijzenhout, Janet and Sandra Joppen (1999)
First steps in the acquisition of german phonology: A case study download
Joanisse, Marc and Suzanne Curtin (1999)
Dutch stress acquisition: OT and connectionist approaches download
Levelt, Claartje and Ruben van de Vijver (1998)
Syllable types in cross-linguistic and developmental grammars download
Hale, Mark and Charles Reiss (1997)
Formal and empirical arguments concerning phonological acquisition download
Smolensky, Paul (1996)
The initial state and 'richness of the base' in Optimality Theory download
Gnanadesikan, Amalia E. (1995)
Markedness and faithfulness constraints in child phonology download
Smolensky, Paul (1995)
On the comprehension/production dilemma in child language download

Language change

Gess, Randall (1999)
Bibliography: Optimality Theory and language change download
Haspelmath, Martin (1999)
Optimality and diachronic adaptation download
Holt, David Eric (1998)
The role of the listener in the historical phonology of spanish and portuguese: An Optimality-Theoretic account [Dissertation download
Boersma, Paul (1997)
Sound change in functional phonology download

OT phonetics

Flemming, Edward (1999)
Scalar representations in a unified model of phonetics and phonology download
Kirchner, Robert (1999)
Preliminary thoughts on 'phonologization' within an exemplar-based speech processing system download
Kirchner, Robert (1999)
An effort-based approach to consonant lenition [Dissertation] download
Flemming, Edward (1997)
Phonetic optimization: Compromise in speech production download

OT morphology

Russell, Kevin (1999)
MOT: Sketch of an OT approach to morphology download
Pineros, Carlos Eduardo (1998)
Prosodic morphology in Spanish: Constraint interaction in word-formation [Dissertation] download
Orgun, C. Orhan (1997)
Sign-based morphology and phonology with special attention to Optimality Theory [Dissertation] download
Orgun, Orhan and Ronald Sprouse (1997)
From MParse to control: Deriving ungrammaticality download

OT syntax

Large annotated OT-LFG bibliography

Bakovic, Eric and Edward Keer (2000)
Optionality and ineffability download
Wartena, Christian (2000)
A note on the complexity of Optimality systems download
Borjars, Kersti and Mark Donohue (1999)
Much ado about nothing: Features and zeroes in Germanic noun phrases download
Broadwell, George Aaron (1999)
The interaction of focus and constituent order in San Dionicio Zapotec download
Fanselow, Gisbert, Matthias Schlesewsky, Damir Cavar and Reinhold Kliegl (1999)
Optimal parsing, syntactic parsing preferences, and Optimality Theory download
Keller, Frank and Theodora Alexopoulou (1999)
Phonology competes with syntax: Experimental evidence for the interaction of word order and accent placement in the realization of information structure download
Mueller, Gereon (1999)
Shape conservation and remnant movement download
Mueller, Gereon (1998)
Order preservation, parallel movement, and the emergence of the unmarked download
Pesetsky, David (1997)
Some optimality principles of sentence pronunciation download
Grimshaw, Jane (1995)
Projection, heads, and optimality download

OT semantics

Blutner, Reinhard (2000)
Some aspects of optimality in natural language interpretation download
Hendriks, Petra and Helen de Hoop (1999)
Optimality Theoretic semantics download

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